Mongolic monuments › Monuments in ʼPhags-pa script
Mongolian monuments in the ʼPhags-pa (square) script of the Yuan period: edicts of emperors, princes and preceptors, Buddhist texts, minor fragments, paizas and seals. Order and numbers follow D. Tumurtogoo’s edition (Mongolian Monuments in ʼPhags-pa Script, 2010). Each monument has its own page with facts, facsimiles, the text in the corpus mongoliancorpus.org and literature (works available on this site are linked).
| Monument | Date | Issued by | Addressee | Kept | Facsimile |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Edict of Mangala, Prince of Anxi (1276) | 1276 (Year of the Rat, first spring month, 26th day; Jingzhao fu) | Mangala, Prince of Anxi (imperial son) | Daoists of the Yao miao, Houtu miao and Yuwang miao temples in Pingyang fu, headed by Dong zhenren | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Khubilai Khan I (1277/1289) | Year of the Ox: 1277 or 1289 (first spring month, 25th day; Dadu) | Qubilai Qaγan | monks of the Shibi si temple in Taiyuan fu | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Khubilai Khan II (1277/1289) | Year of the Ox: 1277 or 1289 (first spring month, 30th day; Dadu) | Qubilai Qaγan | lHa rje Seng ge dpal of Rung (Tibet) | Tibet Autonomous Region, Cultural Relics Administration Committee | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
| The Edict of Khubilai Khan III (1277/1289) | Year of the Ox: 1277 or 1289 (last summer month, 3rd day; Shangdu) | Qubilai Qaγan | Buddhist monks of the Huayan haishui chuan chansi in Jinzhou | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Khubilai Khan IV (1280/1292) | Year of the Dragon: 1280 or 1292 (middle winter month, 5th day; Dadu) | Qubilai Qaγan | the Daoist Li Daoqian (tidian), successor of Gao zhenren, and the Daoists under him | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Ananda (1282) | 1282 (Year of the Horse, first summer month, 21st day; Kaicheng fu) | Ananda, Prince of Anxi | Daoists of the Xuzhen guan, Huayang gu and Dongyue miao temples in Anxi fu headed by the tidian Mou Zhitong | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Öljeitü Khan I (1298) | 1298 (Year of the Dog, last spring month, 3rd day; Dalan Bulaγ) | Öljeitü Qaγan (Temür) | the elder (zhanglao) of the Baoyan chansi and Taiping chansi in Linzhou | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Öljeitü Khan II (1301) | 1301 (Year of the Ox, middle spring month, 25th day; Dadu) | Öljeitü Qaγan (Temür) | dhāraṇī masters headed by Sam grub seng ge of Gon rgyal, subject to the Tshal pa | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Següse (1303) | 1303 (Year of the Hare, last spring month, 29th day; Dadu) | Següse | monks of a temple in Hedong county (Hezhong fu, Pingyang lu) headed by Ren Zhixiang and Rong Yuanzhu | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Prince Qaišan (1305) | 1305 (Year of the Snake, last autumn month, 30th day; Jiramutu) | Qaišan, Prince of Huaining (later Külüg Qaγan) | the guoshi rDo rje dbang phyug grags pa rgyal mtshan of Zha lu monastery (gTsang) | Tibet Autonomous Region, Cultural Relics Administration Committee | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
| The Edict of Öljeitü Khan III (1306) | 1306 (Year of the Horse, last summer month, 12th day; Shangdu) | Öljeitü Qaγan (Temür) | monks of the Xinglong si and other temples in Pinggu county (Jizhou, Dadu lu) | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Qaišan Külüg Khan (1309) | 1309 (Year of the Hen, last autumn month, 5th day) | Külüg Qaγan (Qaišan) | Daoists in Pingyao county (Jining lu) | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Buyantu Khan I (1312) | 1312 (Year of the Rat, middle spring month, 8th day; Dadu) | Buyantu Qaγan (Ayurbarwada) | monks of the Lingchi si (Daming lu) and of the Jinshan jiayu chansi and Fayun si (Shunzhou) | ||
| The Edict of Buyantu Khan II (1312) | 1312 (Year of the Rat, last spring month, 13th day; Dadu) | Buyantu Qaγan (Ayurbarwada) | monks of the Shaolin monastery on Mount Song and of the Kongxiang si, Baoying si, Tianqing si and Weimo si (Henan fu) | Shaolin monastery, Dengfeng county, Henan (after the titles of Nakamura & Matsukawa 1993; Dob & Junast 1993) | ![]() ![]() |
| The Edict of Buyantu Khan III (1312-1317), Nanhua Monastery | 1312–1317 (date lost) | Buyantu Qaγan (Ayurbarwada) | the Nanhua chansi on Mount Baolin (Caoxi, Shaozhou lu) and its affiliated temples; the elder Deyan | Nanhua monastery (Junast 1989) | ![]() ![]() |
| The Edict of Buyantu Khan IV (1312-1317), Nanhua Monastery | 1312–1317 (date lost) | Buyantu Qaγan (Ayurbarwada) | monks of the Yuanjiao si | Nanhua monastery (Junast 1989) | ![]() ![]() |
| The Edict of Buyantu Khan V (1313) | 1313 (Year of the Ox, first autumn month, 7th day; Shangdu) | Buyantu Qaγan (Ayurbarwada) | the elder of the Baoyan chansi and Taiping chansi in Linzhou (Zhangde lu) | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Buyantu Khan VI (1314) | 1314 (Year of the Tiger, first autumn month, 28th day; Čaγan čang) | Buyantu Qaγan (Ayurbarwada) | Daoists of the Da Chongyang wanshou gong and the Xiayuan gong in Fengyuan lu | ![]() ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Buyantu Khan VII (1314) | 1314 (Year of the Tiger, first autumn month, 28th day; Čaγan čang) | Buyantu Qaγan (Ayurbarwada) | the Daoist master Chen Daoming (tidian of the Shanyin chuxiang guan, Zhangde lu) | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Buyantu Khan VIII (1314) | 1314 (Year of the Tiger, first summer month, 15th day; Dadu) | Buyantu Qaγan (Ayurbarwada) | monks of the Kaihua si in Yuanshi county (subordinate to Čaγan Balaγasun) | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Buyantu Khan IX (1314) | 1314 (Year of the Tiger, first autumn month, 28th day; Čaγan čang) | Buyantu Qaγan (Ayurbarwada) | the Daoist patriarch Sun Deyu and the Daoists under him | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Buyantu Khan X (1318) | 1318 (Year of the Horse, first summer month, 23rd day; Dadu) | Buyantu Qaγan (Ayurbarwada) | monks of the Guangguo si and other temples in Heyang county (Tongzhou, Fengyuan lu) | ![]() ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Dharmabala's Widow I (1320) | 1320 (Year of the Monkey, last autumn month, 15th day; Dadu) | Empress Dowager Daγi, widow of Dharmabala | the guoshi Grags pa rgyal mtshan; addressed to the officials of the Xuanweisi of the three regions (dBus, gTsang, mNga' ris) | Tibet Autonomous Region, Cultural Relics Administration Committee | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
| The Edict of Dharmabala's Widow II (1321) | 1321 (Year of the Hen, middle winter month, 10th day; Dadu) | Empress Dowager Daγi, widow of Dharmabala | Daoists of the Longxing guan, Hongyuan gong, Yanxia guan and Yuquan guan in Yizhou (Baoding lu) | a rubbing is in the Oriental Library of Leningrad University (Poppe 1941: 55) | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
| The Edict of Kun-dga-blo-gros-rgyal-mtshan-dpal-bzang-po (1321) | 1321 (Year of the Hen, first winter month, 15th day; Dadu) | Imperial Preceptor (dishi) Kun dga' blo gros rgyal mtshan dpal bzang po | a monk of the Dabeishan Tianning si in Shunzhou (Daming lu) | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Gegen Khan (1323) | 1323 (3rd year of Zhizhi, Year of the Pig, last summer month, 3rd day; Shangdu) | Gegen Qaγan (Šidebala) | monks headed by the Karma pa and Ben sa pa | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Yisüntemür Khan I (1324) | 1324 (1st year of Taiding, Year of the Rat, 3rd month, 13th day; Dadu) | Yisün Temür Qaγan | Buddhist monks of the Ri bo che pa monastery in mDo khams | Archives of the Tibet Autonomous Region | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
| The Edict of Yisüntemür Khan II (1324) | 1324 (1st year of Taiding, Year of the Rat, 10th month, 23rd day; Dadu) | Yisün Temür Qaγan | monks of the Grag shis dan monastery headed by bSod nams rgyal mtshan and 'Od zer rgyal mtshan | Archives of the Tibet Autonomous Region | ![]() ![]() ![]() +1 |
| The Edict of Yisüntemür Khan III (1328) | 1328 (Year of the Dragon, 3rd month, 23rd day; Dadu) | Yisün Temür Qaγan | 'Od zer rgyal mtshan | Archives of the Tibet Autonomous Region | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
| The Edict of Toγontemür Khan I (1335) | 1335 (3rd year of Yuantong, Year of the Pig, first autumn month, 14th day; Shangdu) | Toγon Temür Qaγan | Daoists of a temple in Zou county (Tengzhou, Yidu lu) | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Toγontemür Khan II (1336) | 1336 (2nd year of Zhiyuan, Year of the Rat, first autumn month, 12th day; Shangdu) | Toγon Temür Qaγan | Daoists of the Tianbao gong (Bianliang lu) | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Toγontemür Khan III (1342) | 1342 (2nd year of Zhizheng) | Toγon Temür Qaγan | Daoists of the Qingyang gong | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Toγontemür Khan IV (1343) | 1343 (3rd year of Zhizheng, Year of the Sheep, first summer month, 3rd day; Dadu) | Toγon Temür Qaγan | monks of the Da Zhulin si and other temples founded by Šilaširi | ![]() ![]() ![]() +1 | |
| The Edict of Toγontemür Khan V (1345) | 1345 (5th year of Zhizheng, Year of the Hen, 1st month, 27th day; Dadu) | Toγon Temür Qaγan | estate herdsmen of the Kun dga' chos dgon monastery in gTsang under dKon mchog bzang po | Shigatse Prefecture Archives (Tibet) | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
| The Edict of Toγontemür Khan VI (1351) | 1351 (11th year of Zhizheng, Year of the Hare, middle spring month, 28th day; Dadu) | Toγon Temür Qaγan | Daoists of the Da Chongyang wanshou gong (Fengyuan lu) | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Edict of Toγontemür Khan VII (1362) | 1362 (22nd year of Zhizheng, Year of the Tiger, 2nd month, 30th day; Dadu) | Toγon Temür Qaγan | Yon tan rgyal mtshan; addressed to the officials and people of the domains of the mDo khams Xuanweisi | Archives of the Tibet Autonomous Region | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
| The Edict of Toγontemür Khan VIII (1368) | 1368 (28th year of Zhizheng, Year of the Monkey, middle spring month, 21st day; Dadu) | Toγon Temür Qaγan | Zha lu monastery; addressed to the Xuanweisi officials of the three regions (dBus, gTsang, mNga' ris), the Sa skya teachers and the people | ![]() ![]() | |
| The Turfan Fragments of Subhāṣitaratnanidhi | 14th century | Berlin Turfan Collection (fragment T III D 322 and others); a fragment from the Mannerheim collection (Helsinki) | ![]() ![]() ![]() +3 | ||
| The Chü-yung-kuan Inscription of the Left (East) Wall (1345) | 1345 | Juyongguan pass on the Great Wall near Beijing, east (left) wall | ![]() ![]() ![]() +1 | ||
| The Chü-yung-kuan Inscription of the Right (West) Wall (1345) | 1345 | Juyongguan pass near Beijing, west (right) wall | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||
| The Dunhuang Fragment of Subhāṣitaratnanidhi | ![]() ![]() | ||||
| The Proclamation (1306/1307) | 1306 and 1307 | ![]() ![]() ![]() +2 | |||
| A Fragment of “Pañčarakṣā” | Yuan period | ![]() ![]() | |||
| A Fragment in the Library of Ryukoku University | Ryūkoku University Library (Kyoto) | ![]() ![]() | |||
| A Fragment from Qara Qota | ![]() ![]() | ||||
| An Inscription from Küiten Gol | after 1272 (Rybatzki) | Küiten Gol (Mongolia) | ![]() ![]() | ||
| A Fragment from Dunhuang | ![]() | ||||
| A Fragment on the Birch-bark from Golden Horde | ![]() ![]() | ||||
| A Fragment from Istanbul | 15th century? (Rybatzki) | Istanbul (in a manuscript 'Collection of Curiosities', Tuna & Bosson 1962) | ![]() ![]() | ||
| A Fragment in the Library of Tenri University | Yuan period (Franke 1973) | Tenri University Library (Japan) | ![]() ![]() | ||
| A Fragment in a Silk Scroll | ![]() ![]() | ||||
| A Fragment of Ananda's Edict (1283) | 1283 (date damaged) | Ananda, Prince of Anxi | ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||
| An Inscription from Fuling | ![]() ![]() | ||||
| An Inscription on a Wine Bottle | 13th–14th century | ![]() ![]() | |||
| A Title Letter on the Stele | 1335 (Rybatzki) | Huixian, Henan (Rybatzki) | ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||
| A Fragment from Turfan /D3 T1/ | Berlin Turfan Collection (after Haenisch 1959) | ![]() ![]() | |||
| A Fragment from Eastern Mongolia | Eastern Mongolia, Chavcal adag (Janchiv 2005) | ![]() ![]() | |||
| A Tribe Name | ![]() ![]() | ||||
| Some Names in the Dong-Po's Record | ![]() ![]() | ||||
| The Silver Paizi from Minusinsk and Nyuki | 13th–14th century | State Hermitage Museum (Poppe 1941: 55) | ![]() ![]() ![]() +2 | ||
| The Golden Paizi in the Museum of Inner Mongolia University | Museum of Inner Mongolia University (Hohhot) | ![]() ![]() | |||
| The Silver Paizi from Inner Mongolia | ![]() ![]() | ||||
| The Cast Iron Paizi from Bogotol | 13th–14th century | State Hermitage Museum (displayed in Hall 365; Rachewiltz 1982: 414) | ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||
| The Cast Iron Paizi from Tashi-Lhunpo | Tashilhunpo monastery | ![]() ![]() ![]() | |||
| The Cast Iron Paizi from Gansu | ![]() ![]() | ||||
| A Paiza found in China (round paiza with an inscription in three scripts) | 1355–1357 (Rachewiltz 1982) | Xuanwei shi-shuai fu yuan-shuai fu (“Pacification Commission and Chief Military Command”; Chinese inscription, Rachewiltz 1982: 415) | ![]() ![]() | ||
| B. Pankratov’s paiza (round paiza with an inscription in four scripts) | 13th–14th century | present whereabouts unknown (Rachewiltz 1982: 415, n. 10); an electrotype copy belonged to B. I. Pankratov (Poppe 1941: 56) | ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||
| Round paiza with an inscription in five scripts | ![]() ![]() | ||||
| The Seal of Emir Qutluγ-Šāh on a Decree Issued in Öljeitü's Name (1305) | 1305 (AH 704) | Emir Qutluγ-Šāh | archive of the shrine of Shaykh Ṣafī, Ardabil (Doerfer 1975) | ![]() ![]() | |
| An Edict Fragment (Rybatzki: FrP) | after 1280 (Rybatzki) | ||||
| The Inscription of Babusa | after 1280 (Rybatzki) | ||||
| The 'Kazhabslumb' Paizi | 13th–14th century | ||||
| The Paizi in the Metropolitan Museum | 13th–14th century | Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (after Rybatzki) | |||
| The Paizi from Qingshuihe | 13th–14th century | ||||
| The Paizi from Solun | 13th–14th century | ||||
| Seal of a centurion of the Mongol army (1295) | 1295 (1st year of Yuanzhen, 11th month) | Ministry of Rites of the Central Secretariat (Zhongshu libu) | |||
| The Seal of Dawači noyon (1750) | 1750 | Dawači noyan (Dzungaria) | |||
| The Seal of Galdan Bošoγtu Khan (1691) | 1691 | Galdan Bošoγtu Khan (Dzungaria) |